阿里·薩米 Ali Samei （伊朗） Mourners in Mud By Ali SAMEI, MFIAP, ESFIAP, EFIAP/g The portfolio shows Mourners in Mud in a religious festival in a small city in the west of Iran, called Bijar. People take mud and put and rub to their head, face, shoulder and body to show their sorrow and mourning about killing Imam Hossein. After death of Prophet Mohammed in 10 June 632, his followers divided into two groups, Shia and Sunni. Shias believed that after the Prophet, there are 12 Imams (Holy Leader) that the next leaders would be them, firstly his cousin (Ali) and then Mohammed’s grandsons. While Sunnis believed that they must follow Mohammed’s traditions. After death of the Prophet Mohammed several wars happened between these two groups. Imam Hossein is the 3rd Shia Imam. In 1 October 680, Imam Hossein which is the second grandson of the Prophet, surrounded by his enemies in Karbala, Iraq. They did not allow Imam Hossein and his group to reach water for several days. They killed him, his supporters and his family in 10 October 680. It is said that when people in Bijar city heard that Imam Hossein needs support, went to Karbala, but in the way they heard that he is killed. So they started to rub soil and mud to their head and face to show their deep sorrow. From that year on, people in Bijar hold Mud Festival in the murder anniversary of Imam Hossein, which is called Ashora. Ashora means 10th in Arabic, as the murder happened in the 10th day of Muharram Month in Hijri Lunar Calendar. They bring clay, make mud and rub to their body. This portfolio shows this kind of mourning in Bijar city. As Ashora calculated based on Hijri Lunar Calendar and it is 355 days, so each year this festival hold 10 days sooner according to Gregorian calendar. Green is the color of Prophet Mohammed. As Imam Hossein killed in a war and red is the color of blood, so red is the color of his flag. In Ashora, Shias wear black cloths as it is the color for being mourner. 泥漿中的哀悼者 文/圖：阿里•薩米 這個作品集展示了在伊朗西部一個叫比賈爾的小城市參加宗教節(jié)日的在泥濘中的哀悼者。人們拿泥漿涂抹在自己的頭、臉、肩膀和身體上，以表達他們對殺害伊瑪目侯賽因的悲傷和哀悼。先知穆罕默德于632年6月10日去世后，他的追隨者分成兩派：什葉派和遜尼派。什葉派認為，繼先知之后，還有12個伊瑪目(神圣領袖)，他們中間的人將成為下一個領袖，首先是他的表弟(阿里)，然后是穆罕默德的孫子。而遜尼派認為他們必須遵循穆罕默德的傳統(tǒng)。先知穆罕默德死后，這兩個教派之間發(fā)生了幾次戰(zhàn)爭。伊瑪目侯賽因是第三位什葉派伊瑪目。680年10月1日，伊瑪目侯賽因作為先知的第二個孫子，在伊拉克卡爾巴拉被敵人包圍，他們好幾天沒有讓伊瑪目侯賽因和他的隊伍到達水源，并于680年10月10日殺害了他、他的支持者和他的家人。 據說，比賈爾城的人聽說伊瑪目侯賽因需要支援，就去了卡爾巴拉，但他們聽說伊瑪目侯賽因被殺了。于是，他們開始用泥土涂抹在自己的頭上和臉上，以表示深深的悲傷。從那一年開始，比賈爾的人們在伊瑪目侯賽因被謀殺的周年紀念日舉行泥漿節(jié)，這被稱為“阿舒拉”日。“阿舒拉”在阿拉伯語中的意思是”10”，因為謀殺發(fā)生在希吉里農歷穆哈蘭月的第10天。他們帶來黏土，制造泥漿，并將其涂抹在他們的身體上。這個作品集展示了比賈爾市的這一哀悼活動。因為“阿舒拉”泥漿節(jié)是根據海吉里農歷計算的，一年有是355天，所以每年這個節(jié)日按照公歷提前10天舉行。
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